Kusefa kwejecha kunowanzo shandiswa muindasitiri yepetroleum uye indasitiri yekuchenesa mvura.Nheyo yekusefa jecha nematombo inonyanya kushandisa mafirita kana midziyo yekusefa kuparadzanisa jecha nematombo kubva kumafuta kana mvura.Mukati mesefa inowanzoumbwa nesefa midhiya, yakadai saJohnson mesh, activated carbon, ceramics, filter screen, filter element, etc. Izvi zvinyorwa zvesefa zvine hukuru hwakasiyana-siyana uye mafomu ekugadzirisa, uye zvinogona kusarudzwa maererano nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana.Kana oiri kana mvura ichipfuura nepasefa, tsvina yakaita sejecha nedombo inovharirwa pasefa yepakati, ukuwo mafuta akachena kana mvura ichiyerera ichibuda painobuda sefa.
Petroleum ndeimwe yeakakosha simba masosi eindasitiri yemazuva ano.Zvisinei, petroleum inowanzova nemarara akasiyana-siyana, akawanda acho ari jecha nematombo.Idzi zvidimbu zvejecha zvinogona kukanganisa kutsvagisa oiri, kugadzirisa uye kufambisa maitiro, saka kusefa jecha chinhu chakakosha muindasitiri yeoiri.
Kuti inyatso kusefa jecha nematombo, indasitiri yepetroleum yatora nzira dzakasiyana siyana nemidziyo.Izvi zvinotevera zvinounza akati wandei matekinoroji uye michina yekusefa jecha nematombo:
Separator: Separator mudziyo unowanzo shandiswa kusefa jecha nematombo.Inotora musimboti wekuparadzaniswa kwemuviri, uye inoparadzanisa jecha nematombo kubva kumafuta nenzira yegiravhiti sedimentation, kutenderera kwe centrifugal simba kana kugona kutenderera.Nheyo yekushanda yekuparadzanisa ndeyekupfuura mafuta nejecha zvimedu kuburikidza nechigadziro chekuparadzanisa mukati memidziyo, kuitira kuti mafuta agone kupfuura zvakanaka, nepo jecha rejecha rakaparadzaniswa.
Sieves: Masefa ndiyo imwe nzira yakajairika yekusefa jecha nematombo.Inoisa sefa sikirini mupombi yemafuta kuti ivhare jecha zvidimbu, zvichibvumira mafuta chete kuyerera.Iyo yekusefa skrini inogona kusarudza akasiyana mafirita kunaka uye sefa zvinhu zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa.Panguva yekushandiswa, sefa zvishoma nezvishoma inounganidza sediment, saka sefa inoda kucheneswa kana kutsiviwa nguva dzose.
Catcher: Catcher zvakare imwe yeanowanzo shandiswa midziyo yekusefa jecha nematombo.Iyo inotora uye inounganidza zvidimbu zvejecha mumafuta nekuisa midziyo yekuredza.Misungo inowanzo shandisa mabhasikiti kana masikirini kutora zvimedu, izvo zvinobviswa nekuchenesa michina.Kusarudzwa uye kugadzirwa kwemisungo kunofunga nezvehukuru uye kuwanda kwejecha zvidimbu, pamwe nemafuta ekuyerera zvinodiwa.
Centrifugal sefa: Centrifugal sefa chishandiso chinoshanda chekusefa jecha nematombo.Inoshandisa simba recentrifugal kuparadzanisa zvikamu zvejecha mumafuta.Nekugadzirisa kumhanya kwekutenderera kwesefa ye centrifugal uye kugadzira iyo yakakodzera centrifugal simba, jecha rinoshanda uye kusefa kwematombo kunogona kuwanikwa.Masefa eCentrifugal anowanzo kugona kubata mavhoriyamu makuru emafuta uye anokwanisa kupatsanura jecha zvidimbu nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira.
Pakusarudza uye kushandisa jecha nematombo kusefa nzira nemidziyo, zvinhu zvakaita sehunhu hweoiri, saizi uye kuungana kwejecha nematombo zvidimbu, uye kuyerera kwemafuta kunoda kutariswa.Uye zvakare, kugadzirisa nguva dzose uye kucheneswa kwemidziyo yekusefa kwakakosha zvakare kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwayo kwakajairika uye kusefa.
Kusefa jecha chinhu chakakosha muindasitiri yepetroleum.Kuburikidza nesarudzo ine musoro uye kushandiswa kwesefa tekinoroji nemidziyo, mhando yeoiri inogona kuvandudzwa, njodzi yekukuvara kwemidziyo inogona kuderedzwa, uye kuenderera uye kushanda kwakanaka kwekugadzirwa kweoiri kunogona kuvimbiswa.Makambani ePetroleum anofanirwa kutarisisa basa rekusefa jecha nematombo, uye kuramba achiteerera matekinoroji matsva nemidziyo, kuitira kuti arambe achivandudza kusefa nekuita.
Mvura ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha muupenyu hwedu.Zvisinei, zvitubu zvemvura zvinowanzova netsvina yakasiyana-siyana, yakajairika uye yakajairika iyo ijecha nematombo.Zvimedu zvejecha izvi zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko mazhinji kumatsime emvura, sekukanganisa kunaka kwemvura, kuvhara pombi, uye midziyo inokuvadza.Naizvozvo, kusefa jecha nevhu rave danho rakakosha pakuchenesa matsime emvura.
Nheyo yekusefa jecha nedombo mumvura yakavakirwa pakuti zvimedu zvine hukuru hukuru hukuru hazvigone kupfuura nemapores esefa, nekudaro kuwana kupatsanurwa kwemvura nezvidimbu.Saizi yepore uye chimiro chesefa inosarudza saizi uye rudzi rwezvinhu zvinogona kubviswa.Inowanzo shandiswa sefa zvinhu zvinosanganisira jecha requartz, activated carbon, ceramics, nezvimwe.
Kuti tinyatso kusefa jecha nematombo, tinogona kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana siyana uye midziyo.Izvi zvinotevera zvinounza akati wandei matekinoroji uye michina yekusefa jecha nematombo mumvura:
Kupinza: Kupinza inzira iri nyore uye inoshanda yekusefa.Inoshandisa akawanda-layer sefa zvinhu, zvakaita sejecha requartz, activated kabhoni, nezvimwewo, kusefa jecha nematombo zvidimbu kuburikidza neintermolecular adsorption uye kuongorora.Mukuita Kupinda, mvura inopinda kubva kumusoro uye inosefa dhizaini kuburikidza nesefa zvinhu zvehunyoro hwakasiyana.Iyi nzira inogona kunyatsobvisa zvidimbu zvejecha mumvura, uye zvakare kubvisa imwe chiyero chakanyungudutswa organic matter uye microorganisms.
Sedimentation: Sedimentation inzira yekugadzirisa zvidimbu zvejecha negiravhiti.Isu tinogona kuita izvi nematangi e sedimentation kana settlers.Panguva yekunyungudika, mvura inoshanda nekudzikisa kuyerera, zvichiita kuti zvidimbu zvejecha zvinyure nekuda kwesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi.Zvimedu zvejecha zvihombe zvinogara pasi nekukurumidza, nepo tudiki tunonyura zvishoma nezvishoma.Nekudzora nguva yekunyungudika uye kudzika kwetangi yekusakisa, jecha zvidimbu zvehukuru hwakasiyana zvinogona kubviswa.
Sieving: Sieving inzira yekusefa zvidimbu zvejecha kuburikidza nemambure ehukuru hwepore.Isu tinokwanisa kuisa michina yekuongorora senge masikirini kana mafirita mumvura sosi.Aya maturusi ekuongorora ane akasiyana saizi pores yekusarudza kusefa jecha nematombo.Zvimedu zvakakura zvichasefa kunze uye mvura yakachena ichapfuura.Iyo sieving process iri nyore uye inoshanda uye inowanzoshandiswa pakusefa kwezvikamu zvakakura.
Kukosha kwekusefa jecha nematombo hakugoni kufuratirwa.Zvimedu zvejecha hazvingokanganisa chete kujeka uye kuravira kwemvura, asi zvakare zvine mhedzisiro yakaipa pamvura sosi masisitimu nemidziyo.Zvimedu zvejecha zvinogona kuvhara pombi, kunonoka kuyerera kwemvura, kuwedzera mashandisirwo esimba, uye kukonzera kupera nekukuvadzwa kwemidziyo.Kugara kusefa kwejecha nematombo hakungogone chete kuchengetedzeka uye kucheneswa kwezvitubu zvemvura, asi zvakare kurebesa hupenyu hwesevhisi yepombi nemidziyo uye kuderedza mari yekugadzirisa.
